文 • 陳銘德院長
--只因為上帝鎖定她,當然妳的字典裡不能有放棄!
故事常是這樣發生的,有一天突然發現剛上國中的女兒肩膀一高一低,彎下身子背部一邊高起來,也不知道什麼時候變成這樣,這極有可能是青少年的原發性脊椎側彎。什麼叫原發性,就是並非由外在因素造成,而是命中註定的。因此父母親千萬不要在第一時間就唸女兒「早就告訴妳姿勢要注意,書包不要背同一邊 ……,以後不准… 」嘮嘮叨叨的說了一大堆,女兒的生活頓時從彩色變為黑白,問題還沒開始處理就先大吵一架,搞得家裡烏煙瘴氣,殊不知女兒背的是「原罪」,她沒有做錯什麼,只因為上帝鎖定了她,當然妳的字典裡不能有放棄!
脊椎側彎的診斷主要是靠 X 光量出脊椎彎曲的角度,一般來說小於 10 度可算是正常,畢竟人不見得是十全十美的。 10 度到 25 度間我們就要留意了,應該開始做一些復健運動,而且要大約每 4 到 6 個月就該回醫院追蹤。若彎曲角度已經到了 25 至 45 之間,穿矯正背架是必要的,否則在骨骼尚未成熟前大部分患者會繼續惡化,若不幸超過 45 度時,恐怕只能求助於外科手術矯正了。
針對彎曲角度介於 25 度與 45 度之間的青少年是我們要積極介入的族群,面對五花八門令人眼花撩亂的治療方式,我要大聲疾呼已經到了這個階段穿戴背架是一個必要的選擇,因為大部分的背架每日都需穿戴 23 小時,因此令人視為畏途,也因此才會衍生出許多形形色色表面上較令人能夠接受的治療。但即便我是一位復健科醫師,我也必須承認這個階段,復健運動充其量只能做為輔助治療,還是得靠背架做為主要的矯治工具。否則無效的治療方式會讓生長中的青少年側彎角度快速惡化,終至邁向手術矯治一途。
現今最常見也較能讓人接受的背架是 OMC 腋下型背架,它是由骨盆延伸到腋下,每日穿戴 23 小時,只有洗澡時取下。但若是較高位的脊椎側彎靠腋下型背架的效果不佳,這種情形就要靠延伸至下巴的米瓦基背架,當然穿戴起來就比較不舒服,不過我的病患中有許多矯治成功的案例,我真的要對他們的努力大大的按一個讚!另外還有一種夜間型的背架一天只要穿戴 8 小時,外國文獻的報告也顯示效果不亞於全日穿戴的背架,但這種穿上這種背架無法坐直或站直,只能躺著,而且有些患者會覺得張力較大而睡不著。在台灣青少年升學壓力大,一天常睡不足八小時,再加上穿上背架後常難以入睡而影響到第二天的作息,因此半途而廢的比例較高,否則它是最不影響白天作息的一種背架。此外,背架的製作需要有經驗的師傅,也是矯治成功與否的重要關鍵,沒經驗的師傅把背架做得漂漂亮亮的,但卻讓我們醫師在 X 光片前嘆氣,一個有效的矯正必需矯正角度達百分之五十才有意義,也就是本來 30 度的脊椎,穿上背架後必須小於 15 度才有效。否則讓一個青少年穿著一件無效的背架熬三年,還不如讓他自由自在地過日子,時間到了去開刀就好了。
至於判斷脊椎側彎是否會再惡化下去,專業醫師大都是靠骨盆上緣的鈣化程度來斷定,一般而言女生要超過 15 歲,男生要超過 16 歲骨骼才會漸漸定型,因此青少年的脊椎側彎是一場與時間的長期抗戰,孩子們需要父母與醫師極大的鼓勵與支持,每當我面對前來看診的青少年,我總是以同理心站在他們的立場上,為他們設計一套適合的治療計畫,畢竟對一個十來歲的青少年來說,這是一條不容易走的路。我一定要求自己用專業為他們選擇一條正確的路,即時積極的介入,讓他們能受最少的苦而得到最好的效果,頒發脊椎矯治成功的畢業證書是我最大的喜悅!what makes husbands cheat
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