一、胰臟是什麼?
胰臟是位於胃後方,介於十二指腸與脾臟之間,長度約6~9寸的器官,具分泌功能,它的分泌物為:
1.外分泌:可幫助食物中蛋白質、碳水化合物、脂肪的消化。
2.內分泌:可分泌胰導素及昇血糖素。
二、何謂胰臟炎?
胰臟炎是指胰臟受到本身分泌的酵素所消化,而導致發炎的現象。
三、那些人容易得胰臟炎?
1.酗酒:急性胰臟炎最常發生在酒精重毒者。
2.膽道疾患:膽結石。
3.穿孔性消化性潰瘍。
4.外傷導致胰臟受損。
5.代謝異常:高血脂症,副甲狀腺機能亢進。
6.藥物造成的副作用:如磺氨類藥物,口服避孕藥,四環素。
7.暴飲暴食。
8.感染:如腮腺炎,病毒性肝炎,蛔蟲感染。
四、胰臟炎有那些常見的症狀:
1.腹痛並反射到背部。
2.嘔吐惡心。
3.腹脹。
4.發燒、心搏加速、血壓降低。
5.血中酵素上升。
五、治療:
1.暫時禁食:依病情不同,禁食時間亦不同。
2.插胃管及胃減壓機器抽吸胃液,減輕其對胰臟的刺激。
3.靜脈注射補充營養。
4.止痛劑的使用。
5.住院期間抽血檢查胰澱粉酵素及脂肪酵素。
6.外科手術:如膽結石弔起的胰臟炎。
六、患了胰臟炎要注意那些事項?
1.急性發作時,應速就醫。
2.飲食:
◆急性發作時:應先禁食,以減少對胰酵素的刺激。
◆恢復期:進食由少量無脂肪流質飲食漸至正常飲食。
◆常發作之慢性病人,保持均衡的低脂飲食。
◆勿暴飲暴食,絕對避免飲酒及食用刺激性食物:如辣椒等。
3.臥床休息,採舒適臥位。
4.規律生活。
5.出院後,按時服用醫師指定的藥物。
6.定期回門診追蹤。
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