退化性關節炎是一種慢性疾病,又稱骨性關節炎,主要是軟骨退化或不良增生所造成,有可能造成關節變性和活動障礙,注意以下各項將有助於病情的控制。
1.每日適當的休息
◆活動與工作有計畫逐漸增加,避免過度疲勞。
◆您所須休息工作的量,視病情來決定,可請教醫師給予指導。
2.維持適當的姿勢,預防畸型發生
◆臥床休息時,大多數時間應仰臥平躺,保持侵犯關節伸展的姿勢。
◆應經常更換姿勢,每天至少2~3次俯臥,每次15~30分鐘,以防髖關節攣縮。
◆避免突然移動或負重。坐或站立時,維持直挺姿勢,必要時使用固定架。
◆採坐姿時,椅子應深到支持大腿,高度應高及雙膝。
3.活動與運動方面
◆參考“全關節運動”方式,定期關節運動,如使用固定架,仍應每日取下運動。
◆關節活動時會有疼痛不適或僵硬,難以移動,應予克服,避免關節不動過久產生畸型。
◆活動應有適當的限制,如果活動後,經一段時間休息,仍出現疼痛加劇的現象,表示活動過量,應調整活動量。
◆運動前可使用熱敷,減輕關節腫脹,疼痛、僵硬並使肌肉放鬆,但應小心,避免皮膚損傷。注意保暖,可以減輕關節疼痛。
4.藥物方面
與醫生討論使用止痛、抗發炎、或肌肉鬆弛藥物及副作用,按醫囑服用。
5.日常生活方面
◆攝取均衡營養及足夠蛋白質,肥胖者宜減輕體重,進食時應有充份的時間用膳。
◆穿合宜舒適的鞋子及衣服,不可過大或過小,必要時使用支持的鞋子。
◆睡硬板床,床舖應固定,避色覆蓋過多的棉被及拉動關節。
◆避免地板打蠟,可使用小型地毯及鬆軟地毯
◆利用不同自我照顧器具,以維持最大限度的獨立性。
◆在合理的體能範圍從事輕柔的工作。選擇適當的職業,必要時求助伊甸殘障基金會等,學習謀生技能。
6.定期就診,若出現進行性的關節破壞和頑固性的疼痛,可以關節固定術 或關節成型術來幫助。dating a married woman
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