一、什麼是貧血?
貧血是指血液中的紅血球細胞濃度減少、血色素降低或血液稀薄的狀態。紅血球的正常值成年男性是460至620萬/CUMM、成年女性是420至540萬/CUMM。一般情況下,男性的紅血球細胞濃度低於410萬個、女性低於380萬個,或男性血素低於13.5克、女性低於12克,即表示有貧血的傾向。
二、貧血的原因:
◆製造紅血球的養分失調:如缺乏鐵質,會導致缺鐵性貧血;缺乏維生素B12、葉酸,會導致惡性貧血。
◆慢性持續出血:腸道出血、創傷、其他器官出血。
◆紅血球遭到破壞:溶血性貧血。
◆骨髓造血功能降低:骨髓內的血球母細胞不健全或造血組織有缺陷,而導致血球再生不良所引起的貧血。化學治療期間會有骨髓抑制的副作用作用也會有貧血症狀出現。
◆遺傳:如地中海型貧血
三、貧血常見症狀:
皮膚:臉色蒼白,皮膚表面乾燥、泛黃、失去光澤。
眼晴結膜:用手指翻開下眼瞼若全部呈白色,則是貧血。
舌頭:舌面呈現光滑、舌炎或舌痛。
指甲:指甲失去光澤、泛白且變薄、斷裂;指甲前端向外彎曲。
心臟:心悸、氣喘、心慌或心跳加快。
頭髮:頭髮乾燥、脫落。
腦部:頭暈、記憶力減退、注意力不集中。
四、日常生活注意事項:
◆向醫師求診,尋找貧血可能發生之原因,以對症下藥。
◆遵照醫師指示服用藥物如鐵劑、VitB-12、類固醇。
◆均衡飲食,選擇有助於造血的食品如高蛋白質、高鐵、高熱量,及維他命Bl2、葉酸含量豐富的食物。
◆養成規律的排便習慣。
◆當感覺疲倦時,適度的休息,可降低身體對氧的需求量。
◆緩慢地起身以避免頭暈,並可預防跌倒。my girl friend cheated on me
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